HIV self-testing (HIVST) represents a crucial innovation for improving testing coverage, particularly among high-risk adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) inadequately reached through standard provider-assisted HIV testing approaches. Understanding user preferences for HIVST services is essential for designing models that optimize uptake. We assessed the HIVST preferences among high-risk AGYW living in urban Uganda. We […]
CellBin:a generalist framework to process spatial omics data to cell level
Spatial omics has rapidly expanded with increasingly diverse imaging modalities,molecular targets,and chip sizes.However,no general framework currently exists to construct cell level matrices that are robust across platforms and omics types.Here we present CellBin,a universal and scalable framework that unifies image stitching,cell segmentation,and spot-to-cell mapping for multiple spatial omics technologies.CellBin integrates a multi-field weighted stitching algorithm […]
The RNA helicase eIF4A as a novel target in insect cells to combat arboviral infections
Arboviruses transmitted by mosquitoes cause major global health burdens, yet few vaccines or antivirals exist. Targeting host factors required for viral replication offers a promising approach. The DEAD-box RNA helicase eIF4A, a core component of the translation initiation complex eIF4F, unwinds structured 5′ UTRs and is critical for many viral RNAs. We tested whether the […]
IS110 transposon utilizes two mechanistically distinct RNA-guided transposition pathways
The recently discovered IS110 elements employ RNA-guided transposases that use bridge-RNA to coordinate donor and target DNA recognition and integration via donor- and target-binding loops, offering promise for precise, DSB-free genome editing. However, their transposition mechanism remains unclear, with prior inconsistent observations. Using a IS110 element from Caloranaerobacter azorensis, we show that IS110 transposons utilize […]
Using Hourly Aggregated Respiratory Rate and Expiratory Time with Machine Learning to Identify Remote COPD Exacerbations
Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Various models for identifying exacerbations have been proposed, but few models are based on continuous and passively recorded respiratory physiology data. We enrolled 17 subjects with COPD with at least 2 exacerbations in the prior 12 months. We developed machine […]
Development of AWaRe antibiotic quality indicators for optimal use
Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) AWaRe (Access/Watch/Reserve) book gives detailed guidance on the optimal use of antibiotics across primary care and hospitals for adults and children with the aim of improving the quality of use. Objectives: To develop universally applicable, model sets of appropriate and feasible quality indicators based on the WHO AWaRe system […]
Development of Machine Learning Models to Predict Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia on Days of Hemodialysis in Patients with Diabetes based on Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Background/Objectives: Patients with diabetes undergoing hemodialysis (HD) are at risk of asymptomatic hypo- and hyperglycemia within 24 hours of dialysis. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) can improve glycemic control, and machine learning offers a promising approach to detect and predict glycemic excursions based on CGM data. This study aimed to develop machine learning models to predict […]
Authors self-disclosed use of artificial intelligence in research submissions to 49 biomedical journals: A cross-sectional study
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the frequency of self-disclosed use of AI in research manuscripts submitted to 49 biomedical journals and to identify types of AI tools used, the tasks they assisted with, and factors associated with disclosure. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: 49 biomedical journals published by BMJ Group. PARTICIPANTS: Submitting authors of 25,114 empirical research manuscripts […]
Early Identification of Disease Promoters of Cognitive Decline Using Inflammatory, Immunologic and Cognitive Mapping (IICM)
Abstract Dementia, including Alzheimers disease, is a growing global health crisis that remains underdiagnosed, with limited treatment options available once symptoms emerge. Inflammation, vascular dysfunction, and metabolic dysregulation have been identified as key systemic promoters of cognitive decline, yet they are rarely integrated into current diagnostic workflows. We present the Inflammatory, Immunologic, and Cognitive Mapping […]
The Real-World Clinical Benefits of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Treatment
Background: The cardiovascular, metabolic and renal benefits of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have been established in randomized trials with carefully selected patients. Real-world evidence of GLP-1RA effects on progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), end-stage liver disease (ESLD), and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) is scant. Methods: We conducted a large retrospective cohort study […]