In vertebrate embryos, anterior structures are formed early during gastrulation, while the posterior body develops subsequently. This temporal anterior-to-posterior developmental sequence is a fundamental aspect of animal development. Recent studies have shown that discrete regulatory modules involving Nodal and Wnt signaling pathways, in conjunction with T-box factors Eomes and Brachyury (Tbxt), underlie the orderly specification […]

The neural architecture underlying apraxias remains a complex puzzle. While primary motor cortices exhibit clear somatotopic organization, it is unclear whether this segregation extends to the higher-order networks governing skilled actions. Furthermore, the dissociation between verbal (apraxia of speech, AOS) and non-verbal (buccofacial apraxia, BFA) oral motor control remains debated. We investigated the neuroanatomical substrates […]

Autobiographical memory (AM) is a core component of human cognition; it defines who we are, it helps us relate to others, and supports decision-making and future planning. The variability embedded in AMs offers a unique opportunity to examine the neural dynamics engaged during the retrieval of memories of different ages. Here, we focus on the […]

Border-associated macrophages (BAMs) are increasingly implicated in protective brain functions including the removal of pathogenic material such as amyloid-beta. However, there is a lack of available and deeply characterized human BAM models. Here, we report that postnatal transplantation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived hematopoietic progenitors to the murine brain sufficiently chimerizes the brain border […]

Myeloid Cell Leukemia-1 (MCL-1) is an anti-apoptotic protein that is crucial for early neurodevelopment. Loss of MCL-1 results in embryonic lethal neurodevelopmental defects that cannot be rescued by other anti-apoptotic proteins of the BCL-2 family. Here, we find a non-apoptotic role for MCL-1 in sustaining mitochondrial cristae integrity, fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and neural progenitor […]

Growing evidence indicates that visual search is influenced not only by perceptual but also by semantic information. Among such semantic influences, categorical effects have been extensively studied. By contrast, the influence of contextual associations, that is, how objects commonly co-occur within specific scene contexts, remains less understood. Here, we orthogonally manipulated contextual and categorical relationships […]

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) and Huntingtons disease (HD), are motor diseases caused by CAG expansions in ATXN1 and HTT, where SCA1 shows prominent cerebellar neurodegeneration and HD shows prominent striatal neurodegeneration, particularly in the Medium Spiny Neurons (MSNs). Since human and mouse studies demonstrate progressive striatal vulnerability in SCA1, we examined age-dependent molecular, cellular […]