Enteric methane emissions from ruminant livestock contribute to global warming, creating an urgent need for effective mitigation strategies that do not compromise animal productivity and welfare. Methanogenic archaea within the rumen microbiome drive enteric methane emissions. However, large-scale rumen-fluid sampling in commercial production systems is impractical, due to its invasive nature and the associated logistical […]
A Bidirectional Neural Interface With Direct On-Device Neuromorphic Decoding for Closed-Loop Optogenetics
Bidirectional interfaces combined with neural decoding algorithms are essential for closed-loop (CL) neuromodulation, enabling simultaneous neural monitoring and responsive optogenetic stimulation. However, implementing these capabilities in compact wireless headstages for freely moving animals remains challenging, as most existing platforms rely on tethered setups and external processors to execute computationally intensive decoders. This work presents the […]
Developmental links between play behavior and brain network integration
Play is a fundamental aspect of childhood and plays a crucial role in the development of creativity, yet its neural mechanisms remain poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that more frequent play is associated with stronger functional integration among the default mode network (DMN), executive control network (CN), and salience network (SAL), as these cortical […]
A hierarchy of spatial predictions across human visual cortex during natural vision
Prediction is foundational to theories of perceptual processing and learning, in both neuroscience and AI. However, it remains unclear whether prediction occurs routinely during naturalistic perception, and what level of abstraction the brain predicts. Here, we address both questions by analysing 7T fMRI recordings of humans viewing 73,000 natural images. We use deep generative models […]
Tracing the emergence of the novel fluoroquinolone resistance gene qrtA in enterococci through environmental reservoirs and pELF-type linear plasmids
As animal hosts adapted to land, Enterococcus species diverged from a common ancestor shared with Vagococcus species by acquiring genes essential for survival and transmission in the exposed arid environment. In addition to their intrinsic ruggedness, human-associated enterococci now frequently exhibit multidrug resistance, largely driven by the accumulation of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) on mobile […]
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Tigray, North Ethiopia: The Communities Awareness, Perceptions, Treatment-seeking and Prevention Practices in Disease Endemic Areas.
Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is highly prevalent in Ethiopia, including the Tigray region. However, there is a dearth of information on the levels of knowledge, attitude, and health seeking behavior among the communities in CL-endemic areas of Tigray region, northern Ethiopia. Objective This study aimed to investigate CL-related knowledge, attitude, treatment-seeking and prevention practices in […]
faers: A High-Fidelity Framework and R/Bioconductor Package for Precision Adverse Event Surveillance
Background: The FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) is a critical pillar of post-marketing pharmacovigilance; however, its utility is constrained by data heterogeneity, pervasive reporting redundancies, and inconsistent medical terminology. These structural barriers impede reproducible, large-scale analyses and the implementation of precision drug safety surveillance. Methods: We developed faers, an open-source R package that delivers […]
Population-specific polygenic risk for Alzheimer’s disease is associated with Mini-Mental State Examination-based cognitive decline in a Japanese cohort
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major cause of dementia, with polygenic risk scores (PRSs) widely used to capture cumulative genetic risk. While PRSs have been associated with cognitive decline, their relevance to clinically accessible measures in general populations is not yet fully established, particularly in non-European cohorts. In this study, we investigated the association between […]
Genetic and epigenetic regulation of SLC6A4 shapes vulnerability to cognitive decline and depressive tendency in later life
Age-related cognitive decline and depressive symptoms are prevalent in later life, yet the genetic determinants of vulnerability remain unclear. Here, we investigated how genetic and epigenetic regulation of the serotonin transporter gene SLC6A4 contributes to susceptibility to these age-related conditions in later life. In community-dwelling older adults in Japan (N = 1,317), functional stratification of […]
The impact of hospital discharge on physical activity and sedentary behaviour following orthopaedic trauma: An interrupted time series analysis
Objectives: To determine the impact of discharge home on physical activity and sedentary behaviour following orthopaedic trauma. Design: Observational study. Setting: Acute hospital. Participants: Between October 2022 and January 2024, 31 adult orthopaedic trauma patients were recruited during hospital admission. Participants had either an isolated hip fracture or multi-trauma (i.e., a lower limb fracture, with […]
Integrative Genomic, Transcriptomic, and Microbiome Profiles of Colon Cancer by Ancestry Provide Insights into Molecular Distinctions
Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence, tumor biology, and clinical outcomes differ by patient ancestry, yet African ancestry (AFR) populations remain underrepresented in genomic and microbiome studies. Here, we comprehensively characterized genomic, transcriptomic and microbiome features of AFR and European ancestry (EUR) colon cancer patients residing in New York City and Long Island. While confirming known drivers […]
Blood pressure variability is an independent predictor of mortality in hypertensive patients aged 80 years and older, based on long-term ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
Background: Increasing evidence suggests that blood pressure variability (BPV) may offer prognostic value beyond average blood pressure levels. However, data on the association between BPV of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and mortality in patients aged 80 and older are limited. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between BPV and all-cause mortality in this population. […]