Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is highly prevalent in Ethiopia, including the Tigray region. However, there is a dearth of information on the levels of knowledge, attitude, and health seeking behavior among the communities in CL-endemic areas of Tigray region, northern Ethiopia. Objective This study aimed to investigate CL-related knowledge, attitude, treatment-seeking and prevention practices in […]
The exposome and attention-related brain networks jointly predict attention problems in early adolescence
Background: Attention problems are common transdiagnostic symptoms of psychiatric illness. Although environmental exposures and experiences influence attention during adolescent development, the underlying neural pathways by which they do so is unclear. Methods: We measured attention problems, attention-related brain networks, and multidimensional environmental experiences (the exposome) using data from the ABCD Study (N = 11,878). We […]
A Comparative Study in Surgical AI: Datasets, Foundation Models, and Barriers to Med-AGI
Recent Artificial Intelligence (AI) models have matched or exceeded human experts in several benchmarks of biomedical task performance, but have lagged behind on surgical image-analysis benchmarks. Since surgery requires integrating disparate tasks — including multimodal data integration, human interaction, and physical effects — generally-capable AI models could be particularly attractive as a collaborative tool if […]
Bridging Genetics and Precision Medicine in Parkinson’s Disease through GP2
In the Global Parkinson’s Genetics Program (GP2) we aim to advance precision medicine by integrating large-scale clinico-genetic data from diverse populations worldwide. We investigated potentially trial-eligible carriers of pathogenic and high-risk GBA1 and LRRK2 variants and conducted a global precision-medicine survey across GP2 sites. Among 65,509 individuals with Parkinson’s disease, we identified 9,019 (13.8%) potentially […]
Adherence to CDC Antimicrobial Stewardship Core Elements and Barriers to stewardship practices among Healthcare Workers at a Tertiary Care Hospital Uttarakhand, India
Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health concern driven largely by inappropriate antimicrobial use. Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs), guided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) core elements, are essential for optimizing antimicrobial use. However, adherence to these practices and the barriers faced by healthcare workers remain inadequately explored, particularly in […]
Can Dietary Fibre Intake Reduce the Risk of Mental and Behavioral Disorders Due to Use of Tobacco in Smokers?
ABSTRACT Background and aims: Mental and behavioral disorders due to use of tobacco (MBDT) present a critical challenge to global health, yet modifiable lifestyle factors for reducing its risk remain poorly understood. Given that dietary fibre can affect mental health through gut-brain communication, we sought to explore how fibre intake relates to MBDT risks in […]
Bridging Genetics and Precision Medicine in Parkinson’s Disease through GP2
In the Global Parkinson’s Genetics Program (GP2) we aim to advance precision medicine by integrating large-scale clinico-genetic data from diverse populations worldwide. We investigated potentially trial-eligible carriers of pathogenic and high-risk GBA1 and LRRK2 variants and conducted a global precision-medicine survey across GP2 sites. Among 65,509 individuals with Parkinson’s disease, we identified 9,019 (13.8%) potentially […]
Can Dietary Fibre Intake Reduce the Risk of Mental and Behavioral Disorders Due to Use of Tobacco in Smokers?
ABSTRACT Background and aims: Mental and behavioral disorders due to use of tobacco (MBDT) present a critical challenge to global health, yet modifiable lifestyle factors for reducing its risk remain poorly understood. Given that dietary fibre can affect mental health through gut-brain communication, we sought to explore how fibre intake relates to MBDT risks in […]
Adherence to CDC Antimicrobial Stewardship Core Elements and Barriers to stewardship practices among Healthcare Workers at a Tertiary Care Hospital Uttarakhand, India
Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health concern driven largely by inappropriate antimicrobial use. Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs), guided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) core elements, are essential for optimizing antimicrobial use. However, adherence to these practices and the barriers faced by healthcare workers remain inadequately explored, particularly in […]
A Comparative Study in Surgical AI: Datasets, Foundation Models, and Barriers to Med-AGI
Recent Artificial Intelligence (AI) models have matched or exceeded human experts in several benchmarks of biomedical task performance, but have lagged behind on surgical image-analysis benchmarks. Since surgery requires integrating disparate tasks — including multimodal data integration, human interaction, and physical effects — generally-capable AI models could be particularly attractive as a collaborative tool if […]
Open-source, Hardware-Independent GPU Acceleration for Scalable Nanopore Basecalling with Slorado and Openfish
Nanopore sequencing technologies are used widely in genomics research and their adoption continues to accelerate. ‘Basecalling’ is an essential step in the nanopore sequencing workflow, during which raw electrical signals are translated into nucleotide sequences. The current state-of-the-art basecaller, Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) software ‘Dorado,’ relies on proprietary, platform-specific NVIDIA GPU optimisations bundled in the […]
Towards the definition and measurement of routines and the cognitive processes that underpin their maintenance
The benefits of routines for daily functioning are widely acknowledged, yet, despite their apparent importance, methods for quantifying routine maintenance and the causes of their disruption remain lacking. Here, we propose a novel means of defining and quantifying routines (transition entropy). Using the transition entropy, we show that routines can be robustly elicited on tasks […]