Age-related cognitive decline and depressive symptoms are prevalent in later life, yet the genetic determinants of vulnerability remain unclear. Here, we investigated how genetic and epigenetic regulation of the serotonin transporter gene SLC6A4 contributes to susceptibility to these age-related conditions in later life. In community-dwelling older adults in Japan (N = 1,317), functional stratification of […]
The impact of hospital discharge on physical activity and sedentary behaviour following orthopaedic trauma: An interrupted time series analysis
Objectives: To determine the impact of discharge home on physical activity and sedentary behaviour following orthopaedic trauma. Design: Observational study. Setting: Acute hospital. Participants: Between October 2022 and January 2024, 31 adult orthopaedic trauma patients were recruited during hospital admission. Participants had either an isolated hip fracture or multi-trauma (i.e., a lower limb fracture, with […]
Population-specific polygenic risk for Alzheimer’s disease is associated with Mini-Mental State Examination-based cognitive decline in a Japanese cohort
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major cause of dementia, with polygenic risk scores (PRSs) widely used to capture cumulative genetic risk. While PRSs have been associated with cognitive decline, their relevance to clinically accessible measures in general populations is not yet fully established, particularly in non-European cohorts. In this study, we investigated the association between […]
faers: A High-Fidelity Framework and R/Bioconductor Package for Precision Adverse Event Surveillance
Background: The FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) is a critical pillar of post-marketing pharmacovigilance; however, its utility is constrained by data heterogeneity, pervasive reporting redundancies, and inconsistent medical terminology. These structural barriers impede reproducible, large-scale analyses and the implementation of precision drug safety surveillance. Methods: We developed faers, an open-source R package that delivers […]
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Tigray, North Ethiopia: The Communities Awareness, Perceptions, Treatment-seeking and Prevention Practices in Disease Endemic Areas.
Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is highly prevalent in Ethiopia, including the Tigray region. However, there is a dearth of information on the levels of knowledge, attitude, and health seeking behavior among the communities in CL-endemic areas of Tigray region, northern Ethiopia. Objective This study aimed to investigate CL-related knowledge, attitude, treatment-seeking and prevention practices in […]
The exposome and attention-related brain networks jointly predict attention problems in early adolescence
Background: Attention problems are common transdiagnostic symptoms of psychiatric illness. Although environmental exposures and experiences influence attention during adolescent development, the underlying neural pathways by which they do so is unclear. Methods: We measured attention problems, attention-related brain networks, and multidimensional environmental experiences (the exposome) using data from the ABCD Study (N = 11,878). We […]
A Comparative Study in Surgical AI: Datasets, Foundation Models, and Barriers to Med-AGI
Recent Artificial Intelligence (AI) models have matched or exceeded human experts in several benchmarks of biomedical task performance, but have lagged behind on surgical image-analysis benchmarks. Since surgery requires integrating disparate tasks — including multimodal data integration, human interaction, and physical effects — generally-capable AI models could be particularly attractive as a collaborative tool if […]
Bridging Genetics and Precision Medicine in Parkinson’s Disease through GP2
In the Global Parkinson’s Genetics Program (GP2) we aim to advance precision medicine by integrating large-scale clinico-genetic data from diverse populations worldwide. We investigated potentially trial-eligible carriers of pathogenic and high-risk GBA1 and LRRK2 variants and conducted a global precision-medicine survey across GP2 sites. Among 65,509 individuals with Parkinson’s disease, we identified 9,019 (13.8%) potentially […]
Adherence to CDC Antimicrobial Stewardship Core Elements and Barriers to stewardship practices among Healthcare Workers at a Tertiary Care Hospital Uttarakhand, India
Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health concern driven largely by inappropriate antimicrobial use. Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs), guided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) core elements, are essential for optimizing antimicrobial use. However, adherence to these practices and the barriers faced by healthcare workers remain inadequately explored, particularly in […]
Can Dietary Fibre Intake Reduce the Risk of Mental and Behavioral Disorders Due to Use of Tobacco in Smokers?
ABSTRACT Background and aims: Mental and behavioral disorders due to use of tobacco (MBDT) present a critical challenge to global health, yet modifiable lifestyle factors for reducing its risk remain poorly understood. Given that dietary fibre can affect mental health through gut-brain communication, we sought to explore how fibre intake relates to MBDT risks in […]
Bridging Genetics and Precision Medicine in Parkinson’s Disease through GP2
In the Global Parkinson’s Genetics Program (GP2) we aim to advance precision medicine by integrating large-scale clinico-genetic data from diverse populations worldwide. We investigated potentially trial-eligible carriers of pathogenic and high-risk GBA1 and LRRK2 variants and conducted a global precision-medicine survey across GP2 sites. Among 65,509 individuals with Parkinson’s disease, we identified 9,019 (13.8%) potentially […]
Can Dietary Fibre Intake Reduce the Risk of Mental and Behavioral Disorders Due to Use of Tobacco in Smokers?
ABSTRACT Background and aims: Mental and behavioral disorders due to use of tobacco (MBDT) present a critical challenge to global health, yet modifiable lifestyle factors for reducing its risk remain poorly understood. Given that dietary fibre can affect mental health through gut-brain communication, we sought to explore how fibre intake relates to MBDT risks in […]