Rule learning is associated with lasting changes in prefrontal activity. However, experiments typically focus on learning a single set of rules or task, and there remains a significant gap regarding how related mechanisms may reflect behavioral improvements in different contexts, especially when examining across different tasks and modalities. We therefore recorded single units from chronic […]
Beyond the mean: genetic control of gene expression fidelity and dispersion
For decades, molecular biologists have interpreted gene regulation through measurements of mean gene expression, because they could not resolve regulatory variation among individual cells. The advent of single-cell genomics has now made that variation measurable, revealing pervasive differences in gene expression among apparently similar cells. Whether this variation mainly reflects stochastic noise or an informative […]
Basic Region Variants of the MAX b-HLH-LZ preferentially form heterodimers with the MYC b-HLH-LZ to bind the E-box, rather than binding as homodimers.
The MYC associated factor X (MAX) is the heterodimeric partner of the MYC paralogs (MYC, MYCN and MYCL). When deregulated, high level of the MYC paralogs contribute to all aspects of tumorigenesis and tumor growth. MAX can also heterodimerize with the MXD proteins, MNT and MGA. Heterodimerization and sequence specific DNA binding to the E-Box […]
Molecular surveillance of Falciparum malaria in Rwanda: Shifts in parasite prevalence and risk factors between the 2014/15 and 2019/20 Rwanda Demographics and Health Surveys
Rwanda is a malaria endemic country and a focal point for emerging Plasmodium falciparum artemisinin partial resistance (ART-R). While Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) provide both national and province-level representative data, malaria testing in Rwandan DHS (RDHS) studies has been limited to a subset of adult women and children under 5 years using RDT and/or […]
Biallelic WDR91 variants cause a neurodevelopmental disorder through impaired endosomal maturation and autophagy dysregulation
Biallelic variants in genes regulating endosomal, lysosomal and autophagy pathways are increasingly implicated in severe neurodevelopmental disorders, yet the contribution of the Rab7 effector WDR91 to human disease remains incompletely defined. We report a child with a severe neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by progressive microcephaly, microlissencephaly, corpus callosum hypoplasia, and early-onset epilepsy, harboring compound heterozygous WDR91 […]
IgG antibody responses against antigenic salivary peptides from subgenus Nyssorhynchus and Anopheles vectors in GrandAnse, Haiti
Anopheles albimanus (Nyssorhynchus) is featured as the main malaria vector on Hispaniola. However, five other Anopheles species have been reported circulating in the area; four of them belonging to the subgenus Anopheles (An. crucians, An. grabhamii, An. pseudopunctipennis, and An. vestitipennis) and another one to the Nyssorhynchus subgenus (An. argyritarsis). Previous studies on mosquitoes in […]
HHBayes: A Flexible Bayesian Framework for Simulating and Analyzing Household Transmission Dynamics
Household transmission studies are important for understanding infectious disease transmission and evaluating interventions; however, they are frequently constrained by methodological challenges, including in study design and sample size determination, and in estimating parameters of interest after collecting the data. Existing tools often lack flexibility in modeling age-specific susceptibility, infectivity patterns, and the impact of interventions […]
Measuring the impact of lived experience and caregiver engagement in research on the research conducted: development and pilot testing of an assessment tool
Background. People with lived/living experience of health conditions, as well as caregivers, are increasingly engaged in research. This study aimed to develop and pilot test a new tool measuring the impact of lived/living experience engagement on the research. The measure is called the Measure of Engagement Tool for Research and lived Experience (METRE). Method. We […]
Evaluation of non-sputum-based diagnostics for pediatric tuberculosis: the Pediatric TB Diagnostic (PDTBDx) cohort protocol
Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children and adolescents, causing 172,000 deaths in 2024 in children and adolescents worldwide. Diagnostic challenges are pronounced in pediatrics, in which collecting respiratory specimens is challenging and TB is often paucibacillary, leading to delayed diagnosis and increased mortality. We describe the protocol and methodology […]
Predicting Patient-Reported Appearance Satisfaction After Facial Skin Cancer Reconstruction: Development and Internal Validation of a Multivariable Prediction Model
Patient-reported outcomes have become standard in facial skin cancer surgery, yet clinicians currently lack validated tools to predict postoperative appearance satisfaction from preoperative patient characteristics. We developed and internally validated a prediction model for appearance satisfaction three months after facial skin cancer reconstruction. A prospective cohort study enrolled 287 patients at a tertiary referral center […]
Quantifying the effect of cereal plant trait plasticity on weed suppression in intercrops
In cereal-legume intercrops, weed suppression is primarily driven by cereals, whose competitiveness is shaped by trait plasticity-morphological adjustments in response to the intercrop environment. However, how individual cereal traits respond plastically and contribute to system performance remains unclear, hampering improvements through breeding or system design. We combined field experiments with functional-structural plant modelling to quantify […]
Comparative effectiveness of preferred pharmacological treatment options for bipolar disorder among people with opioid use disorder in British Columbia and Ontario, Canada: protocol for parallel population-based target trial emulations
Introduction People with bipolar disorder (BD) and concurrent opioid use disorder (OUD) experience more severe clinical outcomes, including higher mortality, treatment complexity, and worse psychiatric symptoms, yet they are underserved due to a lack of tailored clinical guidelines and limited supporting research on competing treatment options. While pharmacological treatments for BD are well-established, their use […]