arXiv:2604.04373v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: There is growing interest in improving LLMs without updating model parameters. One well-established direction is test-time scaling, where increased inference-time computation (e.g., longer reasoning, sampling, or search) is used to improve performance. However, for complex reasoning and agentic tasks, naively scaling test-time compute can substantially increase cost and still lead […]
Empirical Characterization of Rationale Stability Under Controlled Perturbations for Explainable Pattern Recognition
arXiv:2604.04456v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Reliable pattern recognition systems should exhibit consistent behavior across similar inputs, and their explanations should remain stable. However, most Explainable AI evaluations remain instance centric and do not explicitly quantify whether attribution patterns are consistent across samples that share the same class or represent small variations of the same input. […]
PanLUNA: An Efficient and Robust Query-Unified Multimodal Model for Edge Biosignal Intelligence
arXiv:2604.04297v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Physiological foundation models (FMs) have shown promise for biosignal representation learning, yet most remain confined to a single modality such as EEG, ECG, or PPG, largely because paired multimodal datasets are scarce. In this paper, we present PanLUNA, a compact 5.4M-parameter pan-modal FM that jointly processes EEG, ECG, and PPG […]
Implementing surrogate goals for safer bargaining in LLM-based agents
arXiv:2604.04341v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Surrogate goals have been proposed as a strategy for reducing risks from bargaining failures. A surrogate goal is goal that a principal can give an AI agent and that deflects any threats against the agent away from what the principal cares about. For example, one might make one’s agent care […]
GUIDE: Interpretable GUI Agent Evaluation via Hierarchical Diagnosis
arXiv:2604.04399v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Evaluating GUI agents presents a distinct challenge: trajectories are long, visually grounded, and open-ended, yet evaluation must be both accurate and interpretable. Existing approaches typically apply a single holistic judgment over the entire action-observation sequence-a strategy that proves unreliable on long-horizon tasks and yields binary verdicts offering no insight into […]
Memory Intelligence Agent
arXiv:2604.04503v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Deep research agents (DRAs) integrate LLM reasoning with external tools. Memory systems enable DRAs to leverage historical experiences, which are essential for efficient reasoning and autonomous evolution. Existing methods rely on retrieving similar trajectories from memory to aid reasoning, while suffering from key limitations of ineffective memory evolution and increasing […]
On the “Causality” Step in Policy Gradient Derivations: A Pedagogical Reconciliation of Full Return and Reward-to-Go
arXiv:2604.04686v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In introductory presentations of policy gradients, one often derives the REINFORCE estimator using the full trajectory return and then states, by “causality,” that the full return may be replaced by the reward-to-go. Although this statement is correct, it is frequently presented at a level of rigor that leaves unclear where […]
LLMs-Healthcare : Current Applications and Challenges of Large Language Models in various Medical Specialties
arXiv:2311.12882v3 Announce Type: cross Abstract: We aim to present a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in utilizing Large Language Models (LLMs) within the healthcare sector, emphasizing their transformative impact across various medical domains. LLMs have become pivotal in supporting healthcare, including physicians, healthcare providers, and patients. Our review provides insight into the applications of […]
To Throw a Stone with Six Birds: On Agents and Agenthood
arXiv:2604.03239v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Six Birds Theory (SBT) treats macroscopic objects as induced closures rather than primitives. Empirical discussions of agency often conflate persistence (being an object) with control (making a counterfactual difference), which makes agency claims difficult to test and easy to spoof. We give a type-correct account of agency within SBT: a […]
BLK-Assist: A Methodological Framework for Artist-Led Co-Creation with Generative AI Models
arXiv:2604.03249v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: This paper presents BLK-Assist, a modular framework for artist-specific fine-tuning of diffusion models using parameter-efficient methods. The system is implemented as a case study with a single professional artist’s proprietary corpus and consists of three components: BLK-Conceptor (LoRA-adapted conceptual sketch generation), BLK-Stencil (LayerDiffuse-based transparency-preserving asset generation), and BLK-Upscale (hybrid Real-ESRGAN […]
OptiMer: Optimal Distribution Vector Merging Is Better than Data Mixing for Continual Pre-Training
arXiv:2603.28858v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Continual pre-training is widely used to adapt LLMs to target languages and domains, yet the mixture ratio of training data remains a sensitive hyperparameter that is expensive to tune: they must be fixed before training begins, and a suboptimal choice can waste weeks of compute. In this work, we propose […]
TABQAWORLD: Optimizing Multimodal Reasoning for Multi-Turn Table Question Answering
arXiv:2604.03393v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Multimodal reasoning has emerged as a powerful framework for enhancing reasoning capabilities of reasoning models. While multi-turn table reasoning methods have improved reasoning accuracy through tool use and reward modeling, they rely on fixed text serialization for table state readouts. This introduces representation errors in table encoding that significantly accumulate […]