Background: Large language models (LLMs) show promise for enhancing diagnostic accuracy and clinical decision-making. However, prevailing evaluations rely on examination-based benchmarks such as MedQA. Furthermore, the internal mechanisms driving both correct and incorrect reasoning in LLMs remain poorly understood, limiting opportunities for targeted improvement. Objective: This study aimed to investigate failure modes of reasoning-based LLMs […]

Background: Telehealth expansion and artificial intelligence (AI) adoption are often described as parallel dimensions of health system digital transformation. However, whether telehealth scale is associated with hospital AI adoption and whether this relationship varies across hospital settings remain unclear. Objective: This study examined the association of telehealth scale with clinical and operational AI adoption tiers […]

Background: Health care access plays a central role in reducing inequities across populations. Virtual care can mitigate these inequities by facilitating more inclusive and accessible health care delivery. In residential aged care homes (RACHs), virtual care has the potential to enable timely and efficient access to general practitioners (GPs) for residents. However, as context, technologies, […]

Background: Some researchers have explored the application of radiomics-based machine learning to detect preoperative muscle invasion, high-grade tumors, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression, and other risk factors for bladder cancer. However, systematic evidence proving its effectiveness remains lacking. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of radiomics-based machine learning in preoperative risk […]

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Background: Increasingly, brief digital interventions are being implemented to combat alcohol misuse. While the utility of incorporating personalized feedback into these interventions has been explored, less work has concentrated on how consumer-driven research might be harnessed to better tailor personalized feedback. Critically, the relative efficacy of co-designed interventions vs those designed by research teams without […]

Background: 21st Century Cures Act information blocking regulations led to many organizations altering policies to electronically release test results to patients immediately upon their availability. Objective: This study aims to understand the prevalence and variation in how often patients view test results in the patient portal before hearing from their health care provider (HCP), are […]

Background: Embodied intelligence—artificial intelligence instantiated in physical or virtual bodies that can perceive, communicate, and interact with users and their environments—has been increasingly applied in health care. However, the evidence base remains fragmented because of inconsistent terminology, diverse embodiment forms, and limited synthesis of application domains, target populations, care settings, acceptability, and effectiveness. This fragmentation […]

Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) account for over 70% of global deaths, with hypertension and diabetes serving as major contributors. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted traditional health care services for NCDs and highlighted telehealth as a crucial alternative. Telehealth—encompassing synchronous and asynchronous electronic communication to deliver clinical services remotely—can overcome geographical barriers and enhance patient engagement. However, […]