Computational mechanisms for temporal integration in the anterior claustrum

The claustrum, with its extensive reciprocal connections to nearly all cortical regions, has long been hypothesized as a key hub for integrating diverse cognitive, sensory and motor information. However, despite its anatomical connectivity, whether and how it functionally integrates different inputs to generate coherent representations has remained unclear. Here, we developed a recurrent neural network (RNN) trained via supervised learning on behavioral metrics of delayed escape–a task that requires inference-based escape behavior and depends critically on anterior claustral activity. A subset of RNN neurons exhibited dynamics similar to those of anterior claustral neurons during this behavior. These neurons formed a recurrent cluster, a structure supported by in vitro stimulation experiments in claustral brain slices. We analyzed the computational properties of this claustrum-like cluster via dimensionality reduction of population activity. The network showed nonlinear integration of temporally distributed inputs and increased synergistic information. Rather than settling into attractors, integrated information was dynamically encoded along continuously evolving neural trajectories. Notably, the evolving trajectories that reflected dynamic integration in the RNN model matched those approximated in claustral recordings, suggesting the models biological plausibility. We propose that the anterior claustrum dynamically integrates task-relevant input signals over time and broadcasts the evolving representation to downstream brain regions capable of reading and interpreting it in a context-dependent manner.