Neural manifolds that orchestrate walking and stopping

Walking, stopping and maintaining posture are essential motor behaviors, yet the underlying neural processes remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate neural activity behind locomotion and

Parvalbumin interneurons gate and shape striatal sequences

Loss of striatal interneurons expressing parvalbumin (PV+) is associated with impulsive and uncontrolled behaviors, yet how these cells contribute to striatal information processing is poorly

Sensory processing reformats odor coding around valence and dynamics

Extracting relevant features of a complex sensory signal typically involves sequential processing through multiple brain regions. However, identifying the logic and mechanisms of these transformations

Intrinsic ion dynamics underlies the temporal nature of resting-state functional connectivity

The neural mechanisms underlying the emergence of functional connectivity in resting-state fMRI remain poorly understood. Recent studies suggest that resting-state activity consists of brief periods

Population-level temporal decoding and dynamical structure in frontostriatal circuits during decision making

Perceptual decisions unfold over time, requiring neural circuits to evaluate sensory evidence, track elapsed time, and commit to an action. To investigate how these computations

Estimating the impact of vaccination and long-acting monoclonal antibodies for RSV epidemics across Hong Kong, Beijing, and Thailand: a modelling study

November 9, 2025

Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of acute lower respiratory infections worldwide, with high morbidity among infants and older adults. Recent approvals of long-acting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and vaccines offer new prevention opportunities, but their impact in Asian settings remains uncertain. Methods We developed age-structured SEIR transmission models for Hong Kong, Beijing, and Thailand, calibrated to region-specific surveillance and seroprevalence data from 2014-2019. Using Bayesian inference, we estimated RSV transmission dynamics and simulated intervention scenarios involving long-acting mAbs for high-risk infants, maternal vaccination, and older adult vaccination. Findings RSV showed distinct seasonality: year-round in Hong Kong, winter peaks in Beijing, and rainy-season peaks in Thailand. Estimated annual infection attack rates among infants <1 year were 51.1% in Hong Kong and 22.5% in Beijing, and 75.8% and 70.1% among children aged 1-4 years, compared with 27.9% among 0-4 years in Thailand. Simulations suggest long-acting mAbs and maternal vaccination (coverage 38.5%) could avert 15.6-19.5% and 18.0-25.2% of severe infant outcomes, respectively. Vaccination of older adults (coverage 30-40%) reduced RSV-associated outcomes by 21.7-27.7% in Hong Kong, 33.9-39.7% in Beijing and 34.8-49.8% in Thailand. Combined interventions achieved reductions of 39.2% (27.5-55.8), 49.4% (42.0-59.7), and 53.8% (44.1-64.8) in severe outcomes among infants <1 year, 19.3% (18.9-21.7), 27.7% (26.9-31.5) and 31.5% (31.3-33.9) among 60-74 years, 26.5% (26.2-28.7), 52.3% (51.5-54.8) and 37.8% (37.6-40.0) among 75 years or above, in Hong Kong, Beijing, and Thailand, respectively. Interpretation Our modelling framework provides a novel approach to evaluate RSV prevention strategies in Asian populations with diverse seasonality. As real-world effectiveness data emerge, future research should refine estimates and optimise intervention combinations for maximum public health impact.

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