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  • StableTTA: Training-Free Test-Time Adaptation that Improves Model Accuracy on ImageNet1K to 96%

arXiv:2604.04552v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: Ensemble methods are widely used to improve predictive performance, but their effectiveness often comes at the cost of increased memory usage and computational complexity. In this paper, we identify a conflict in aggregation strategies that negatively impacts prediction stability. We propose StableTTA, a training-free method to improve aggregation stability and efficiency. Empirical results on ImageNet-1K show gains of 10.93–32.82% in top-1 accuracy, with 33 models achieving over 95% accuracy and several surpassing 96%. Notably, StableTTA allows lightweight architectures to outperform ViT by 11.75% in top-1 accuracy while using less than 5% of parameters and reducing computational cost by approximately 89.1% (in GFLOPs), enabling high-accuracy inference on resource-constrained devices.

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