arXiv:2604.06636v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: Process supervision has emerged as a promising approach for enhancing LLM reasoning, yet existing methods fail to distinguish meaningful progress from mere verbosity, leading to limited reasoning capabilities and unresolved token inefficiency. To address this, we propose Stage-aware Hierarchical Advantage via Potential Estimation (SHAPE), a framework that formalizes reasoning as a trajectory through a state space of empirical solvability. SHAPE introduces a hierarchical credit assignment mechanism: at the segment level, it employs a stage-aware advantage function to prioritize efficient breakthroughs in low-potential states; at the token level, it utilizes entropy-driven redistribution to sharpen execution signals. Extensive experiments in math reasoning across three base models and five benchmarks demonstrate that SHAPE achieves an average accuracy gain of 3% with 30% reduced token consumption.
The Central Coupler of the AAA+ ATPase ClpXP Controls Intersubunit Communication and Couples the Conversion of Chemical Energy into the Generation of Force
ClpX is a clockwise hexameric helical arrangement that hydrolyzes ATP to unfold proteins and translocate them into the proteolytic chamber. We investigate the central coupler,