Semantic Level of Detail for Knowledge Graphs: Discovering Abstraction Boundaries via Spectral Heat Diffusion

arXiv:2603.08965v2 Announce Type: replace-cross
Abstract: Graph-structured knowledge systems — from knowledge graphs to GraphRAG pipelines — organize information into hierarchical communities, yet lack a principled mechanism for continuous resolution control: where do the qualitative boundaries between abstraction levels lie, and how should an agent navigate them? Current approaches rely on discrete community detection with manually tuned resolution parameters (e.g., Leiden $gamma$), offering no continuous zoom and no formal guarantees. We introduce Semantic Level of Detail (SLoD), a framework that addresses both problems by defining a continuous zoom operator via heat kernel diffusion on a graph Laplacian whose kNN structure is induced by a Poincare-ball embedding. We prove hierarchical coherence in the tree limit (exact tree with Sarkar embedding), with bounded approximation error, and demonstrate consistent boundary-detection behaviour on noisy hierarchies; spectral gaps in the graph Laplacian then induce emergent scale boundaries — scales where the representation undergoes qualitative transitions — detectable without manual resolution tuning. On synthetic hierarchies (HSBM, 1024 nodes), spectral clustering at the BoundaryScan-detected scale recovers planted levels, with macro ARI saturating at 1.00 in the high-SNR regime (50-seed median) and meso ARI reaching 0.89 [0.86, 0.92] at r=200. On the full WordNet noun hierarchy (82K synsets), using 100 stratified leaf queries, detected boundaries align with true taxonomic depth ($tau = 0.79$), demonstrating meaningful abstraction-level discovery in real-world knowledge graphs without resolution-parameter tuning. The composite weights, MAD threshold, and kNN-parameter rule ($k = max(10, min(lfloorsqrtNrfloor, 50))$) use defaults that transferred unchanged between HSBM and WordNet; their behaviour on graphs with implicit or qualitatively different hierarchical structure is open.