arXiv:2601.18798v2 Announce Type: replace-cross
Abstract: ECG-Language Models (ELMs) extend recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to automated ECG interpretation. However, most existing ELMs inherit Vision-Language Model (VLM) design choices and rely on pretrained ECG encoders, introducing substantial architectural and training complexity. Inspired by encoder-free VLMs, we introduce ELF, a family of three encoder-free ELM architectures that remain competitive with, and often outperform, prior state-of-the-art ELMs across two datasets despite substantially simpler architectures and training pipelines. All code and data is available at github.com/ELM-Research/ECG-Language-Models.
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