1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- CVSS v4 8.7
- ATTENTION: Exploitable remotely/low attack complexity
- Vendor: Vertikal Systems
- Equipment: Hospital Manager Backend Services
- Vulnerabilities: Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere, Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information
2. RISK EVALUATION
Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow an attacker to obtain unauthorized access to and disclose sensitive information.
3. TECHNICAL DETAILS
3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS
The following Vertikal Systems service was affected:
- Hospital Manager Backend Services: Setpember 19, 2025 and prior
3.2 VULNERABILITY OVERVIEW
3.2.1 EXPOSURE OF SENSITIVE SYSTEM INFORMATION TO AN UNAUTHORIZED CONTROL SPHERE CWE-497
Prior to September 19, 2025, the Hospital Manager Backend Services exposed the ASP.NET tracing endpoint /trace.axd without authentication, allowing a remote attacker to obtain live request traces and sensitive information such as request metadata, session identifiers, authorization headers, server variables, and internal file paths.
CVE-2025-54459 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N).
A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2025-54459. A base score of 8.7 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).
3.2.2 GENERATION OF ERROR MESSAGE CONTAINING SENSITIVE INFORMATION CWE-209
Prior to September 19, 2025, the Hospital Manager Backend Services returned verbose ASP.NET error pages for invalid WebResource.axd requests, disclosing framework and ASP.NET version information, stack traces, internal paths, and the insecure configuration ‘customErrors mode=”Off”‘, which could have facilitated reconnaissance by unauthenticated attackers.
CVE-2025-61959 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 5.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N).
A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2025-61959. A base score of 6.9 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).
3.3 BACKGROUND
- CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Healthcare and Public Health
- COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide
- COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: Romania
3.4 RESEARCHER
Pundhapat Sichamnong reported these vulnerabilities to CISA.
4. MITIGATIONS
Vertikal Systems fixed these vulnerabilities by September 19, 2025. For more information, users should contact Vertikal Systems support for assistance.
CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of these vulnerabilities, such as:
- Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the Internet.
- Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks.
- When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as the connected devices.
CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.
CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.
CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.
Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B–Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.
Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.
CISA also recommends users take the following measures to protect themselves from social engineering attacks:
- Do not click web links or open attachments in unsolicited email messages.
- Refer to Recognizing and Avoiding Email Scams for more information on avoiding email scams.
- Refer to Avoiding Social Engineering and Phishing Attacks for more information on social engineering attacks.
No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time.
5. UPDATE HISTORY
- October 28, 2025: Initial Publication