Outcome Evaluation of the M-Mama Emergency Transport System (EmTS) and Factors Associated with its Utilisation among Lactating Mothers in Kigoma District Council

Abstract Background: Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for approximately 70% of maternal deaths worldwide. In Tanzania, the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) has decreased from 556 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2016 to 104 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2022. The major cause of these deaths is limited access to emergency obstetric care. To address this challenge, the M-Mama program was implemented to provide prompt transportation for expectant mothers experiencing obstetric complications. This evaluation study examined the factors associated with the utilization of the M-Mama Emergency Transport System (EmTS) among lactating mothers in Kigoma District Council. Methodology: A cross-sectional study design was employed using a purposive sampling technique to select lactating mothers who had experienced obstetric or neonatal emergencies. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between independent variables and the dependent variable (utilization of the M-Mama EmTS). Results: Utilization of the M-Mama EmTS was low, with only 36% of respondents reporting use of the system in Kigoma District Council. However, utilization was significantly associated with awareness of the program (AOR = 69.62; 95% CI: 25.52-189.9; p < 0.001), parity (AOR = 3.05; 95% CI: 1.15-8.12; p = 0.025), and education level (AOR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.17-0.78; p = 0.009). Conclusion: Utilization of the M-Mama Emergency Transport System was influenced by awareness of the program, parity, education level, income, occupation, and residence.