The Hidden Power of Normalization: Exponential Capacity Control in Deep Neural Networks

arXiv:2511.00958v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Normalization methods are fundamental components of modern deep neural networks (DNNs). Empirically, they are known to stabilize optimization dynamics and

FeNN-DMA: A RISC-V SoC for SNN acceleration

arXiv:2511.00732v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are a promising, energy-efficient alternative to standard Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and are particularly well-suited to

Parameter Interpolation Adversarial Training for Robust Image Classification

arXiv:2511.00836v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Though deep neural networks exhibit superior performance on various tasks, they are still plagued by adversarial examples. Adversarial training has

Region-Aware Reconstruction Strategy for Pre-training fMRI Foundation Model

arXiv:2511.00443v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The emergence of foundation models in neuroimaging is driven by the increasing availability of large-scale and heterogeneous brain imaging datasets.

FlashEVA: Accelerating LLM inference via Efficient Attention

arXiv:2511.00576v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Transformer models have revolutionized natural language processing, achieving state-of-the-art performance and demonstrating remarkable scalability. However, their memory demands, particularly due

Threats to Nature’s Contributions to People provided by terrestrial vertebrates across Europe

October 25, 2025

Aim: Species and ecosystem processes offer essential benefits to people, known as Nature’s Contributions to People (NCP). However, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of NCP provided by terrestrial vertebrates on a large scale, and of the threats they face. To bridge this gap, we built a comprehensive dataset that documents the NCP provided by terrestrial vertebrate species in Europe, and analysed the conservation status and threats to NCP provider species. Location: Europe. Methods: We synthesised existing literature on NCP associated with European terrestrial vertebrates, and leveraged ecological traits and trophic interactions from previously established datasets. We identified 15 NCP (10 regulating NCP and 5 non-material NCP), with 860 species providing at least one NCP (out of 1,168 vertebrate species considered in total). Then, we harnessed species distribution data and a novel European land system map to create species-mediated NCP maps across Europe at a 1km resolution, including societal demand for each NCP. Results: We found that i) for each NCP, at least 25% of NCP provider species are assessed as threatened with extinction; ii) NCP multifunctionality is lowest in high-intensity land systems; and iii) direct exploitation and agricultural intensification are major threats to species-mediated NCP, impacting both non-material and regulating NCP provider species. Main conclusions: Protecting threatened NCP provider species, and reducing direct exploitation are key to maintain regulating and non-material NCP. Our results suggest that de-intensifying agricultural practices, through maintaining heterogeneous mosaic landscapes and promoting diversified practices, could increase NCP multifunctionality. Our work enables a comprehensive understanding of NCP provided by terrestrial vertebrates in Europe, their biogeography, and the threats they face, which can in turn inform spatial conservation planning to improve the conservation of both biodiversity and NCP.

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