Real-Time Segmentation and Classification of Birdsong Syllables for Learning Experiments

Songbirds are essential animal models for studying neuronal and behavioral mechanisms of learned vocalizations. Bengalese finch (Lonchura striata domestica) songs contain a limited number of

Insertion of rare autism variants in synaptic genes induce novel behavioral phenotypes in C. elegans

Neurodevelopmental conditions and disorders, including autism, involve a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and developmental factors. Despite this complexity, genetic studies have identified more than

Quinazolinone and Phthalazinone Inhibitors of the HDAC6/Ubiquitin Protein-Protein Interaction

Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a class IIb histone deacetylase that regulates diverse cytosolic acetylation through its two catalytic deacetylase domains and a C-terminal zinc

5′ RNA Aminoacylation via Interstrand Acyl-Transfer

The catalytic transformations driving coded protein synthesis revolve around linkage of amino acids to molecules of RNA as 2’/3′-aminoacyl esters. This defining molecular species of

Molecular basis for thermoresponsive protein condensation in plants

Plants continuously experience temperature fluctuations that shape their physiology, development, and survival. Yet, how plants sense and adapt to elevated temperatures at the molecular level

Using the Social Ecological Model to explore policy and institutional aspects of the school environment in relation to healthy eating and physical activity: An audit of female-only high schools in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

December 20, 2025

Objective: In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), non-communicable diseases (NCDs) cause 73% of deaths, with high body mass index (BMI) as the leading risk factor. Among adolescents, 79% reported physical inactivity (PA), 30% and 10% were living with overweight/obesity and prediabetes, respectively. Little is known about the influence of school environments in shaping healthy eating (HE) and PA behaviours. This study addressed this gap through two steps: (1) Documentary review of obesity prevention policies, (2) Assessing the school environment in relation to HE and PA. Design: The documentary review consisted of two parts; Part 1: Web-searching literature, hand-searching targeted websites, and stakeholder consultations to confirm the literature findings. Part 2: School-based environmental audit employing the ISCOLE tool and the Saudi Ministry of Education Regulations for School Canteens policy. Setting: Three female high schools were selected from differing economic deprivation levels in Riyadh, KSA. Participants: ISCOLE questionnaires were completed by the researcher in conjunction with a staff member; photo-documentation and observations were made. Results: Seventeen obesity prevention policies were identified; stakeholder consultations identified one additional policy document, and assessment highlighted challenges in policy implementation. The audit revealed notable differences between schools in HE and PA provisions Conclusion: In KSA, female high schools face significant challenges regarding a school environment that supports both HE and PA. These challenges include the absence of HE provisions and lack of suitable PA facilities, coupled with a gap between policy and practice. Understanding the school context will help support the development of future obesity prevention school-based interventions.

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