arXiv:2603.23857v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: The adoption of generative AI across commercial and legal professions offers dramatic efficiency gains — yet for law in particular, it introduces a perilous failure mode in which the AI fabricates fictitious case law, statutes, and judicial holdings that appear entirely authentic. Attorneys who unknowingly file such fabrications face professional sanctions, malpractice exposure, and reputational harm, while courts confront a novel threat to the integrity of the adversarial process. This failure mode is commonly dismissed as random `hallucination’, but recent physics-based analysis of the Transformer’s core mechanism reveals a deterministic component: the AI’s internal state can cross a calculable threshold, causing its output to flip from reliable legal reasoning to authoritative-sounding fabrication. Here we present this science in a legal-industry setting, walking through a simulated brief-drafting scenario. Our analysis suggests that fabrication risk is not an anomalous glitch but a foreseeable consequence of the technology’s design, with direct implications for the evolving duty of technological competence. We propose that legal professionals, courts, and regulators replace the outdated `black box’ mental model with verification protocols based on how these systems actually fail.
From Untamed Black Box to Interpretable Pedagogical Orchestration: The Ensemble of Specialized LLMs Architecture for Adaptive Tutoring
arXiv:2603.23990v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Monolithic Large Language Models (LLMs) used in educational dialogue often behave as “black boxes,” where pedagogical decisions are implicit and