arXiv:2604.04936v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems critically depend on effective document chunking strategies to balance retrieval quality, latency, and operational cost. Traditional chunking approaches, such as fixed-size, rule-based, or fully agentic chunking, often suffer from high token consumption, redundant text generation, limited scalability, and poor debuggability, especially for large-scale web content ingestion. […]
ShadowNPU: System and Algorithm Co-design for NPU-Centric On-Device LLM Inference
arXiv:2508.16703v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: On-device running Large Language Models (LLMs) is nowadays a critical enabler towards preserving user privacy. We observe that the attention operator falls back from the special-purpose NPU to the general-purpose CPU/GPU because of quantization sensitivity in state-of-the-art frameworks. This fallback results in a degraded user experience and increased complexity in […]
Self-Supervised Foundation Model for Calcium-imaging Population Dynamics
arXiv:2604.04958v2 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent work suggests that large-scale, multi-animal modeling can significantly improve neural recording analysis. However, for functional calcium traces, existing approaches remain task-specific, limiting transfer across common neuroscience objectives. To address this challenge, we propose textbfCalM, a self-supervised neural foundation model trained solely on neuronal calcium traces and adaptable to multiple […]
An End-to-End Synthetic Oncology Clinical Trial Framework Integrating Radiographic Response, Circulating Tumor DNA, Safety, and Survival for Decision-Oriented Clinical Data Science
Background: Modern oncology development depends on integrating radiographic response, molecular biomarkers, treatment exposure, safety, and survival endpoints, yet access to well-structured patient-level trial data is often limited. Methods: We developed a synthetic, literature-informed phase II randomized oncology trial framework that followed the sequence Patient [->] Data [->] Dataset [->] Analysis [->] Tables/Figures [->] Decision. A […]
Uptake and retention in HIV care among pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV under different eras of vertical transmission prevention policies in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis (2010 – 2025) examines changes in uptake and retention rates among pregnant and postpartum women with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa as countries adopted Option B+ for preventing vertical transmission. Design and data sources: We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and African Index Medicus from 10/2021 – 05/2025 for […]
Epidemiology of Venezuelan haemorrhagic fever in Barinas state, Venezuela
Background Venezuelan haemorrhagic fever (VHF), caused by Guanarito virus (GTOV), is a zoonotic disease endemic to the western plains of Venezuela. Despite decades of recognition, its epidemiology and clinical profile remain poorly characterised. Methodology We analysed individual level data from standardised case report forms submitted to the Venezuelan National Epidemiological Surveillance System between 2017 and […]
Prespecified Internal Pilot and Feasibility Framework for a Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy Versus Generalized Exercise in Surgeons With Chronic Spinal Pain: A Protocol
Background Trials in occupational populations, such as surgeons, face feasibility challenges due to high workload, restricted availability, and clinical heterogeneity, which may compromise recruitment, adherence, and retention. Objective To prespecify the feasibility framework and progression criteria for an internal pilot phase embedded within a pragmatic randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy with […]
Epigenetic Signatures in Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins Discordant for Orofacial Clefts
Introduction: Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is a common congenital malformation with complex etiology involving both genetic and environmental factors. Epigenetic mechanisms may mediate environmental contributions, but separating genetic from environmental effects remains challenging. Methods: We present an epigenome-wide association study with 32 monozygotic and 22 dizygotic twin pairs discordant for […]
Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities in ICU Admissions Among Obstetric Patients at a Tertiary Urban Center
We aimed to evaluate disparities in perinatal ICU admissions at an urban medical center and to contextualize these findings relative to national U.S. data provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). To do so, we performed a retrospective review of all pregnant and < 6-week postpartum patients admitted to the ICU between […]
A feasibility study on combining Ayurvedic dietary knowledge and modern nutrition to personalise diets for cancer patients
Background: The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) guidelines on nutrition for cancer patients provides evidence based dietary recommendations that is routinely deployed by dieticians in oncology settings. Although these can be culturally adapted, they do not adequately address inter individual variability in treatment related gastrointestinal symptoms and appetite, issues that increase malnutrition […]
Meta analysis of glucose metabolism across Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and ALS Reveals emergence of adaptive brain glucometabolic responses and associated neurological functional profiles
Importance: Glucose metabolic dysregulation in brain is a common feature of late-onset age-associated neurodegenerative disease (A2ND). Prior meta-analyses have identified disease-specific effects compared to healthy, unimpaired individuals. Yet, a unifying A2ND glucose dysregulation spatial signature remains undescribed. Objective: To determine the common signature of dysregulated glucose metabolism on FDG-PET using activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analyses […]
Imaging solute transportation along the posterior lymphatic pathway in the ocular glymphatic system in healthy human participants
Background: Recently, a posterior pathway for fluid drainage from the retina to the meningeal lymphatics in the optic nerve (ON) sheath was identified in rodents using intravitreal imaging tracers directly injected into the ocular-globe. Fluid and solute clearance along this pathway may be associated with many diseases. However, intravitreal tracers are rarely used in clinical […]