Magnetoencephalography reveals adaptive neural reorganization maintaining lexical-semantic proficiency in healthy aging

Although semantic cognition remains behaviorally stable with age, neuroimaging studies report age-related alterations in response to semantic context. We aimed to reconcile these inconsistent findings

Excitatory nicotinic signaling drives action potential bursting in dopaminergic axons

Axons of dopamine (DA) neurons express nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) that have been shown to both facilitate and suppress striatal DA release, but the mechanisms underlying

Why motor learning involves multiple systems: an algorithmic perspective

The initial stage of learning motor skills involves exploring vast action spaces, making it impractical to learn the value of every possible action independently. This

Dual cholinergic mechanisms for sculpting striatal dopamine in vivo

Striatal dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine constitute a computationally powerful neuromodulatory dyad that orchestrates action selection, motivational vigor, and reward learning. Striatal cholinergic interneurons (CINs) synapse

Real-Time Segmentation and Classification of Birdsong Syllables for Learning Experiments

Songbirds are essential animal models for studying neuronal and behavioral mechanisms of learned vocalizations. Bengalese finch (Lonchura striata domestica) songs contain a limited number of

Quality of maternal and newborn care, perinatal mental health and the emotional birth experience of women: findings of the IMAgiNE EURO study in Belgium

December 20, 2025

ABSTRACT Background In Belgium, maternal and newborn health indicators indicate high quality of care compared to other countries of Europe. However, some challenges still persist in the quality of maternal and newborn care (QMNC) and little is known regarding women’s experience with care and their mental health (MH). Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 621 women who gave birth between March 2022 and January 2025 in Belgium, using the WHO-based IMAgiNE EURO questionnaire, updated with MH items. Descriptive statistics summarized QMNC and MH outcomes, while multivariate logistic regression examined factors associated with negative emotional childbirth experiences. Results The median QMNC index was 260/300, suggesting high adherence to WHO quality standards. However, 33.5% of respondents reported ineffective communication, 34.0% a lack of involvement in decision-making, 8.7% no emotional support from health care providers, and 8.2% reported abuse. Overall, 40.9% of women reported emotional difficulties related to childbirth, with 10% reporting a negative impact on wellbeing. MH screening and support were not structurally embedded in perinatal care. Emergency caesarean sections (aOR 14.94, 95%CI), instrumental births (aOR 2.36), fundal pressure (aOR 4.11), and abuse (aOR 3.74) were significantly associated with emotional difficulties around childbirth. Protective factors included higher QMNC scores (aOR 0.97) and the presence of an obstetric consultant (aOR: 0.44). Conclusion Belgium shows a high level of QMNC, yet significant gaps remain in communication, MH screening and support, and adherence to evidence-based practices. Our study highlights a strong association between certain childbirth interventions and a negative emotional birth experience, emphasizing the need for further research into the underlying causal patterns and contextual factors shaping women’s childbirth experiences.

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