The Incommensurability Principle in Biological Transport

arXiv:2605.03219v1 Announce Type: cross
Abstract: Biological vascular networks exhibit branching exponents ($alpha^* approx 2.72$) conserved across developmental stages and observed in multiple mammalian species [Kassab et al. (1993), Zamir (1999)], despite vast metabolic and anatomical variation. We prove this universality is a mathematical necessity arising from the physical incommensurability of optimization constraints. We establish three theorems.
(1) No-Go Theorem: Local optimization combining extensive metabolic costs with dimensionless wave-reflection penalties requires a coupling parameter varying by $10^2$–$10^3$ across the hierarchy, precluding universal exponents.
(2) Metabolic Gauge Invariance: The unique dimensionless cost functional consistent with scale invariance and thermodynamic linearity is the fractional metabolic excess; alternative penalties (logarithmic measures) fail empirical validation.
(3) Architectural Invariance: The minimax duty cycle $eta^*$ is an exact invariant of the allometric class $mathcalA(G,p,alpha_w)$, orthogonal to absolute metabolic scales — explaining developmental stability. The minimax emerges as the unique attractor for networks optimizing physically incommensurable costs, unifying previous single-mechanism results as degenerate boundary cases.