In-depth understanding of the 3D organization of the genome and its role in the regulation of gene expression requires techniques to measure complex chromosome conformations at single alleles at high resolution. Here, we present multi-way Micro-Capture-C (mwMCC), a method to detect concurrent interactions between multiple chromatin regions at single alleles at sub-nucleosome resolution. mwMCC resolves the internal 3D structure of super-enhancers and identifies synergistic multi-way interactions between their constituent elements and gene promoters, providing a structural basis for cooperation within super-enhancers in nano-scale chromatin hubs. The dynamic formation and dissolution of these hubs during cellular differentiation correlates with up- and down-regulation of gene expression. Although large-scale chromatin hubs are dependent on the architectural protein CTCF, nano-scale hubs are robust to CTCF depletion. Instead, integration of footprinting analysis and protein occupancy data indicates a role for transcription factors and the co-activator Mediator in the formation of synergistic enhancer-promoter interactions within nano-scale chromatin hubs.
Crisis support teams’ technological openness and learning attitudes toward the AI based virtual patient system crisis support VR
BackgroundAgainst the backdrop of escalating global humanitarian crises, innovative didactic simulations are becoming increasingly important. A promising alternative to traditional classroom-based didactics for learning psychological