Cross-Session Decoding of Neural Spiking Data via Task-Conditioned Latent Alignment

arXiv:2601.19963v3 Announce Type: replace-cross
Abstract: Training a high-performing neural decoder can be difficult when only limited data are available from a recording session. To address this challenge, we propose a Task-Conditioned Latent Alignment framework (TCLA) for cross-session neural decoding with limited target-session data. Building upon an autoencoder architecture, TCLA first learns a low-dimensional neural representation from a source session with sufficient data. For target sessions with limited data, TCLA then aligns the target latent representations to the source session in a task-conditioned manner, enabling effective transfer of learned neural representations to support decoder training in the target session. We evaluate TCLA on the macaque motor and oculomotor center-out datasets. Compared to baseline methods trained solely on target-session data, TCLA consistently improves decoding performance across datasets and decoding settings, with gains in the coefficient of determination of up to 0.386 for y coordinate velocity decoding in a motor dataset. These results suggest that TCLA provides an effective strategy for transferring knowledge from source to target sessions, improving neural decoding performance under conditions with limited target-session data.