The Golgi is an essential organelle that serves as a central hub for endomembrane trafficking. In the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, a single Golgi stack is essential for parasite survival; however, the molecular determinants governing Golgi structure and function remain poorly understood. Here, we characterize a Golgi-associated protein that is required for Golgi integrity and function, which we named Toxoplasma Golgi Integrity Factor (TGIF). Loss of TGIF disrupts parasite replication and natural egress and is lethal to the parasite. To investigate the impact of TGIF depletion on secretory protein trafficking, we adapted a fluorescence-based pulse-chase assay to monitor the synthesis and trafficking of microneme and rhoptry proteins. We found that loss of TGIF significantly impaired the synthesis and trafficking of microneme and rhoptry neck proteins, whereas trafficking of rhoptry bulb proteins was minimally affected. These findings suggest that rhoptry bulb proteins may traffic independently of canonical Golgi-dependent pathways. Collectively, our study provides new insight into the mechanisms of Golgi-mediated trafficking in T. gondii and identifies TGIF as a critical regulator of parasite secretory pathway organization and function.
Digital health tools and point solutions—pitfalls in population health program measurement
Digital health tools are generally poorly regulated and often lack strong research evidence, posing challenges for purchasers of point solutions such as employer groups and