Adaptation to free-living drives loss of beneficial endosymbiosis through metabolic trade-offs

Symbioses are widespread (1) and underpin the function of diverse ecosystems (2-6), but their evolutionary stability is challenging to explain (7,8). Fitness trade-offs between con-trasting

Gradient-specified optimization based on muscle surface mesh and moment arm as an effect-oriented approach of automated musculotendon path modeling

There is more to musculotendon path modeling than aligning a cable to reflect the geometric features of a muscle-tendon unit. From the perspective of simulation

TREM2 deficiency causes region-specific brain effects in a mouse model of cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), a major vascular contributor to cognitive decline, is present in 85-95% of Alzheimer disease (AD) patients. Despite its high prevalence, the

Frontal Brain Injury Reduces Sensitivity to Reward-Predictive Cues and Remodels the Nucleus Accumbens

Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are more than mere lesions and generate a persistent secondary pathology. This, combined with functional reorganization of circuits post-injury, may explain

Highly replicable multisite patterns of adolescent white matter maturation

The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study is the largest U.S.-based neuroimaging initiative of adolescent brain maturation. Diffusion MRI (dMRI) provides unique insights into white

Inter-scanner reproducibility of brain multifrequency MR elastography

April 18, 2026

Background: Brain magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is an emerging quantitative neuroimaging technique that provides noninvasive maps of brain tissue viscoelasticity. For multi-center applications, robust cross-site reproducibility across scanner platforms is essential but remains insufficiently characterized. Purpose: To evaluate cross-site reproducibility of brain multifrequency MRE measurements between two MRI scanner platforms using harmonized protocols. Study Type: Prospective cross-site test-retest reproducibility study. Study Population: Sixteen healthy adult volunteers (7 men, 9 women; mean age 32.2 +/- 8.0 years). Field Strength/Sequence: 3 T systems (Siemens MAGNETOM Cima.X and MAGNETOM Vida at two sites) with identical brain multifrequency MRE sequences, echo-planar imaging (EPI) readout, and standardized driver configuration. Assessment: Each participant underwent one MRE acquisition at each site. Shear wave speed (SWS) and penetration rate (PR) were quantified in whole brain, white matter, subcortical gray matter, and cortical gray matter regions using atlas-based region-of-interest (ROI) analysis in MNI152 space. Statistical Tests: Absolute relative difference (ARD), reproducibility coefficient (RDC), coefficient of variation (CV), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Bland-Altman plots were calculated to determine cross-site reproducibility. Results: Cross-site reproducibility was robust for major brain regions, with region-averaged ARD values for SWS ranging from 1.38 % to 3.43 % and for PR from 3.20 % to 7.25 % across tissues. RDCs for SWS ranged from 0.02 m.s^-1 to 0.07 m.s^-1 , and for PR from 0.03 m.s^-1 to 0.08 m.s^-1. Coefficients of variation for SWS ranged from 0.82 % to 1.93 %, and for PR from 2.21 % to 4.09 %. ICC values for SWS ranged from 0.66 to 0.84 and for PR from 0.67 to 0.88. Bland-Altman analysis showed minimal systematic bias and tight limits of agreement. Conclusion: Brain multifrequency MRE demonstrates robust reproducibility across distinct 3 T platforms when using harmonized acquisition and reconstruction. These results support the use of brain MRE as a quantitative biomarker and provide benchmark reproducibility metrics for future research.

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